1,796 research outputs found
Synthesizing Short-Circuiting Validation of Data Structure Invariants
This paper presents incremental verification-validation, a novel approach for
checking rich data structure invariants expressed as separation logic
assertions. Incremental verification-validation combines static verification of
separation properties with efficient, short-circuiting dynamic validation of
arbitrarily rich data constraints. A data structure invariant checker is an
inductive predicate in separation logic with an executable interpretation; a
short-circuiting checker is an invariant checker that stops checking whenever
it detects at run time that an assertion for some sub-structure has been fully
proven statically. At a high level, our approach does two things: it statically
proves the separation properties of data structure invariants using a static
shape analysis in a standard way but then leverages this proof in a novel
manner to synthesize short-circuiting dynamic validation of the data
properties. As a consequence, we enable dynamic validation to make up for
imprecision in sound static analysis while simultaneously leveraging the static
verification to make the remaining dynamic validation efficient. We show
empirically that short-circuiting can yield asymptotic improvements in dynamic
validation, with low overhead over no validation, even in cases where static
verification is incomplete
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The effect of tourism growth on economic growth: A quantile regression analysis
This paper employs a quantile regression approach to test the effects of tourism growth on economic growth at the different conditional economic growth distribution from 1965 to 2005 in Taiwan. The key finding of this study is that tourism growth has a positive effect on economic growth at the top end of distribution (0.3 to 0.9 quantiles) of economic growth in Taiwan. However, tourism growth has no significant effect on economic growth at the low end of distribution (0.1 to 0.2 quantiles) of economic growth. The contribution of this study lies in providing empirical evidence to demonstrate that whether tourism growth will affect economic growth depends on the conditional distribution of economic growth
A model explaining neutrino masses and the DAMPE cosmic ray electron excess
We propose a flavored neutrino mass and dark matter~(DM) model
to explain the recent DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) data, which feature
an excess on the cosmic ray electron plus positron flux around 1.4 TeV. Only
the first two lepton generations of the Standard Model are charged under the
new gauge symmetry. A vector-like fermion , which is our DM
candidate, annihilates into and via the new gauge boson
exchange and accounts for the DAMPE excess. We have found that the data
favors a mass around 1.5~TeV and a mass around 2.6~TeV, which can
potentially be probed by the next generation lepton colliders and DM direct
detection experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. V2: version accepted by Physics Letters
Reward prediction errors arising from switches between major and minor modes in music: An fMRI study
Evidence has accumulated that prediction error processing plays a role in the
enjoyment of music listening. The present study examined listeners' neural
responses to the signed reward prediction errors (RPEs) arising from switches
between major and minor modes in music. We manipulated the final chord of J. S.
Bach's keyboard pieces so that each major-mode passage ended with either the
major (Major-Major) or minor (Major-Minor) tonic chord, and each minor-mode
passage ended with either the minor (Minor-Minor) or major (Minor-Major) tonic
chord. In Western music, the major and minor modes have positive and negative
connotations, respectively. Therefore, the outcome of the final chord in
Major-Minor stimuli was associated with negative RPE, whereas that in
Minor-Major was associated with positive RPE. Twenty-three musically
experienced adults underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while
listening to Major-Major, Major-Minor, Minor-Minor, and Minor-Major stimuli. We
found that activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (extending into
the ventromedial prefrontal cortex) during the final chord for Major-Major was
significantly higher than that for Major-Minor. Conversely, a frontoparietal
network for Major-Minor exhibited significantly increased activity compared to
Major-Major. The contrasts between Minor-Minor and Minor-Major yielded regions
implicated in interoception. We discuss our results in relation to executive
functions and the emotional connotations of major versus minor mode.Comment: submitted to Psychophysiolog
State diagram for packed granular particles under shear: two types of /quaking/ and "shear unjamming"
Understanding intermittency, an ubiquitous behavior in flows of packed
grains, is pivotal for establishing the rheology of granular material. A
straightforward explanation has been missing despite the long development of
theories at different levels of abstraction. In this work, we propose the use
of a Stribeck-Hertz model that starts with the classic Coulomb friction but
also takes into account the tribology between particles, i.e. the reduction of
friction coefficient with speed as is commonly observed. Our numerical studies
reveal a state diagram covering a wide range of packing fractions, and produce
the quaking intermittency in the mid-range of a dimensionless shear rate
defined accordingly, in consistence with our recent experimental observation
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 126.128001 (2021)]. Monitoring the change of mean contact
number allows us to distinguish two types of quaking. Above the
random-close-packing density, the quakes are exclusively of the first type,
occurred with a sudden increase of the contact number. At lower packing
fractions, the dominant quaking depends in part on the dimensionless shear
rate. The second type of quaking is identified as the prelude for a granular
packing to "unjam" upon increase of the dimensionless shear rate -- a
phenomenon that occurs only when the essential tribology is taken into accoun
Inert Higgs Dark Matter for New CDF W-boson Mass and Detection Prospects
The -boson mass, which was recently measured at FermiLab, suggests the
presence of new multiplets beyond the Standard Model (SM). One of the minimal
extensions of the SM is to introduce an additional scalar doublet, in which the
non-SM scalars can enhance -boson mass via the loop corrections. On the
other hand, with a proper discrete symmetry, the lightest new scalar in the
doublet can be stable and play the role of dark matter particle. We show that
the inert two Higgs doublet model can naturally handle the new -boson mass
without violating other constraints, and the preferred dark matter mass is
between and GeV. We identify three feasible parameter regions for the
thermal relic density: the co-annihilation, the Higgs resonance, and the
annihilation. We find that the first region can be fully tested
by the HL-LHC, the second region will be tightly constrained by direct
detection experiments, and the third region could yield detectable GeV
gamma-ray and antiproton signals in the Galaxy that may have been observed by
Fermi-LAT and AMS-02.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
NMSSM neutralino dark matter for -boson mass and muon and the promising prospect of direct detection
Two experiments from the Fermilab, E989 and CDF II, have reported two
anomalies for muon anomalous magnetic moment (-2) and -boson mass that
may indicate the new physics at the low energy scale. Here we examine the
possibility of a common origin of these two anomalies in the Next-to-Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model. Considering various experimental and
astrophysical constraints such as the Higgs mass, collider data, B-physics,
dark matter relic density and direct detection experiments, we find that a
neutralino in the mass range of GeV is a viable solution.
Moreover, the favored parameter region can be effectively probed by the ongoing
direct detection experiments like LZ, PandaX-4T and XENON-nT. The velocity
averaged annihilation cross section of the dark matter particles, however, is
suppressed.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
Exploring Mirror Twin Higgs Cosmology with Present and Future Weak Lensing Surveys
We explore the potential of precision cosmological data to study non-minimal
dark sectors by updating the cosmological constraint on the mirror twin Higgs
model (MTH). The MTH model addresses the Higgs little hierarchy problem by
introducing dark sector particles. In this work, we perform a Bayesian global
analysis that includes the latest cosmic shear measurement from the DES
three-year survey and the Planck CMB and BAO data. In the early Universe, the
mirror baryon and mirror radiation behave as dark matter and dark radiation,
and their presence modifies the Universe's expansion history. Additionally, the
scattering between mirror baryon and photon generates the dark acoustic
oscillation process, suppressing the matter power spectrum from the cosmic
shear measurement. We demonstrate how current data constrain these corrections
to the CDM cosmology and find that for a viable solution to the little
hierarchy problem, the proportion of MTH dark matter cannot exceed about
of the total dark matter density, unless the temperature of twin photon is less
than of that of the standard model photon. While the MTH model is
presently not a superior solution to the observed tension compared to the
CDM+ model, we demonstrate that it has the
potential to alleviate both the and tensions, especially if the
tension persists in the future and approaches the result reported by the
Planck SZ (2013) analysis. In this case, the MTH model can relax the tensions
while satisfying the DES power spectrum constraint up to . If the MTH model is indeed accountable for the and
tensions, we show that the future China Space Station Telescope (CSST) can
determine the twin baryon abundance with a level precision.Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures, 4 table
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